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- Adaptive Automation (8)
A Neural-network based Approach to Adaptive Automation of Air Traffic Control Information Processing Functions (Completed) | | Sponsor | NASA Langley Research Center, Psychological/Physiological Stressors & Factors Program | | Dates | 1/1/2004 ~ 12/31/2004 | | Participants | David B. Kaber | | | | Details | The goal of this research is to develop a neural network (NN) for real-time classification of complex system operator workload states on the basis of on-line measurement of physiological variables and task performance. A NN is to be trained and validated on data collected on subjects performing an air traffic control (ATC) simulation under varying levels of simulated traffic. The accuracy of the NN will be determined for manual control of the simulation and different forms of automation. The validated network will be used in an experiment to investigate adaptive automation of ATC based on real-time classifications of operator states. |
| | | Publications | - Kaber, D. B., Perry, C. M., Segall, N. & Sheik-Nainar. M. A. (2007). Workload state classification with automation during simulated air traffic control. Int. J. of Avia. Psych, 17(4), 371-390
- Perry, C. M., Kaber, D. B., Segall, N. & Sheik-Nainar, M. A. (2006). Differential effects of types of automation on operator workload state classification using neural networks. Proc. of the IEA2006 - 16th World Congress on Ergonomics (CD-ROM), Maastricht, The Netherlands (July 10-14): Elsevier
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A Situation Awareness-Based Approach to Adaptive Automation (Completed) | | Sponsor | NASA Langley Research Center, Psychological/Physiological Stressors & Factors Program | | Dates | 2/28/2003 ~ 5/14/2004 | | Participants | David B. Kaber | | | | Details | The goal of this project was to describe the implications of adaptive automation (AA) for air traffic control (ATC) on human controller situation awareness (SA), performance and workload. This involved defining a direct, objective measure of SA for use during simulated ATC test trials, which was sensitive to changes in the form of automated assistance provided to controllers. Multiple experiments were conducted to validate the SA measure. The research also explored controller SA (measured in real-time), as a basis for triggering dynamic allocation of control functions to automated aids in order to support human information processing and to manage workload. |
| | | Publications | - Kaber, D. B., Perry, C. M., Segall, N., McClernon, C. K. & Prinzel, L. P. (2006). Situation awareness implications of adaptive automation for information processing in an air traffic control-related task. Int. J. of Industrial Ergonomics, 36, 447-462
- McClernon, C. K., Kaber, D. B., Perry, C. M. & Segall, N. (2006). Towards a sensitive measure of situation awareness in adaptively automated systems. Proc. of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (CD-ROM), Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
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Authority in Adaptive Automation Applied to Various Stages of Human-Machine System Information Processing (Completed) | | Sponsor | NASA Langley Research Center | | Dates | 2/22/2002 ~ 9/30/2002 | | Participants | David B. Kaber | | | | Details | Goal of research was to assess performance and workload effects of applying adaptive automation (AA) to stages of human-machine system information processing and facilitating dynamic function allocations (DFAs) through two levels of computer authority. Research was to provide insight into whether higher-level automation, such as information analysis and decision making, would be more compatible with computer controlled function allocations, while lower levels, such as information acquisition and action implementation, would be more effective under partial human control (computer suggestion and human veto). Results demonstrated effectiveness of AA to be dependent upon both type of automation and type of invocation authority designed into system. Results of study may serve as applicable guide for AA design in future complex systems. |
| | | Publications | - Clamann, M. P. and Kaber, D. B. (2003). Authority in adaptive automation applied to various stages of human-machine system information processing. Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (pp. 543-547), Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
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Automation-state Changes and Sensory Cueing in Complex System Control (Completed) | | Sponsor | ONR, Human-Systems Program | | Dates | 2/1/2001 ~ 12/31/2001 | | Participants | David B. Kaber | | | | Details | Research project to determine effectiveness of sensory cueing of automation-state changes in complex teleoperation system control on human performance. Study assessed effects of shifts in level of complex system automation (e.g., manual control versus supervisory control) on operator situation awareness and performance. Work specifically examined symbolic visual cues, complex auditory cues (earcons) and bimodal cues of system state changes. Major steps of project included: (1) enhancing existing virtual reality simulation of remote-control of robotic rover for land mine disposal; and (2) experiment for systematic assessment of dynamic changes in state of robot automation on control performance and SA, as well as identification of superior modal and bimodal cues on changes. |
| | | Publications | - Kaber, D. B., Wright, M. C. & Sheik-Nainar, M. (2006). Multimodal interface design for adaptive automation of a human-robot system. Int. J. of Human-computer Studies, 64, 527-540
- Kaber, D.B. & Wright, M. C. (2003). Automation-state changes and sensory cueing in telerobot control. In Proceedings of the XVth Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (CD-ROM, Vol. 1, ˇ°Computers and Communicationsˇ±), Seoul, Korea: The Ergonomics Society of Korea
- Warren-Noell, H. L., Kaber, D. B. & Sheik-Nainar, M. A. (2006). Human performance with vocal cueing of automation state changes in an adaptive system. Proc. of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (CD-ROM), Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
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Comparison of Physiological and Secondary Task Measures for Triggering Adaptive Automation (Completed) | | Sponsor | NASA Langley Research Center | | Dates | 7/1/2001 ~ 6/30/2003 | | Participants | David B. Kaber | | | | Details | Research is to use multi-task paradigm to compare adaptive automation (AA) strategies based on physiological and secondary task measures of workload. Human subjects will perform dynamic control task integrated with signal detection task. Index of user arousal will be computed on EEG signals and hit-to-signal ratios calculated on signal detection performance to trigger automated and manual control allocations of dynamic control task. Frequency and duration of allocations, when using each trigger, will be compared. Dynamic control task performance will be recorded. Information is to validate control strategies defined using triggers and physiological and secondary task measures of workload as triggers. | | | | (Back to top) |
Embedded Real-Time Advisory System (ERTAS) for Crew-Automation Reliability Test-Bed Evaluation (Completed) | | Sponsor | NASA Langley Research Center, Human Measures & Performance Element, Airspace Systems | | Dates | 5/15/2005 ~ 1/1/2006 | | Participants | David B. Kaber | | | | Details | NASA seeks to create embedded advisory systems for astronaut use in future space missions to support effective autonomous or robotic system control in space operations. ?In the first phase of this research, we will support NASA in the development of a simulation test-bed and demonstration of the benefit of the new ERTAS. ?In the second phase we create space-hardened software and hardware to be tested in high-fidelity simulations of coordinated crew-automation activities, including space-based teleoperation of robots and rovers. | | | | (Back to top) |
Human Response to Adaptive Automation of Early Information Acquisition Functions and Later Stages of Information Processing in Complex System Operations (Completed) | | Sponsor | NASA LaRC, Psychological/Physiological Stressors & Factors Program | | Dates | 2/1/2001 ~ 12/31/2001 | | Participants | David B. Kaber | | | | Details | Objective of project is to quantify specific performance effects of adaptive automation (AA) of information acquisition and analysis, decision-making and response execution as part of complex systems control. Research is also to determine whether AA of functions can be used effectively, in comparison to static automation, to manage human operator workload. Results are expected to identify stages of human-machine information processing most conducive to application of AA. |
| | | Publications | - Clamann, M. P., Wright, M. C. and Kaber, D. B. (2002). Comparison of performance effects of adaptive automation applied to various stages of human-machine system information processing. Proceedings of the 46 Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (pp. 342-346), Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
- Kaber, D. B., Wright, M. C., Prinzel, L. P. and Clamann, M. P. (2005). Adaptive automation of human-machine system information processing functions. Human Factors, 47(4), 730-741
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Investigation of Manual Control Performance Deficits in Adaptive Automation and a Cognitive Modeling Explanation (Completed) | | Sponsor | NASA LaRC, Human Measures & Performance Element, Airspace Systems | | Dates | 7/1/2005 ~ 9/30/2006 | | Participants | David B. Kaber | | | | Details | The objectives of this study are to: (1) assess the impact of advanced warning cues on return-to-manual control (RTMC) performance in human use of adaptively automated systems, and (2) develop a cognitive model-based theory of deficits in manual performance with or without warnings. The study is to evaluate auditory and tactile cues presented shortly before control mode shifts in a multi-task piloting scenario for ameliorating RTMC-deficits compared to no cueing. Observations on subject during the experiment will be used to develop computational cognitive model explanations of RTMC-deficits in using the adaptive system. Statistics on simulation model output will be compared with performance data for subjects in the experiment. |
| | | Publications | - Kim, S-H, Kaber, D. B. & Perry, C. M. (2007). Computational GOMSL modeling for explaining cognitive behavior in a complex dual-task scenario. Proc. of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (CD-ROM), Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
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